Here are some I've thought of (a few of which appear in my own game):
Firefighter: Use Water, Rock, and Ground types, since those are the types Fire is weak to.
Hippie: Use Grass and Bug types, and are fond of the mushroom Pokemon (Paras, Shroomish, and Foonguss). I guess they could also use Bonsly and Sudowoodo, since they resemble trees and hippies are sometimes called tree huggers.
Mermaid: Use Water type Pokemon. They'd probably primarily use Pokemon that live in water as opposed to Water types that can found on land like Marill and Azumarill.
Centaur: Use equestrian Pokemon like Ponyta and Blitzle.
Noble: Actual royalty, as opposed to rich boys and ladies who are children of successful businessmen/businesswomen. They use Pokemon with "king" and "queen" in their name, Carbink because diamonds, etc.
Lumberjack: Use Pokemon with claws/other sharp cutting/slashing appendages like Scyther, and also Ursaring.
Extraterrestrial: Use Psychic and Ghost (and maybe a few Bug and Fairy) types. Are fond of Elgyem and Beheeyem.
Archaeologist: Use fossil Pokemon.
Politician: Use Dark types and are fond of Liepard