I can comment on the unjust/just discussion another time, but for now, here's my response from The Wasteland regarding my belief system:
It's a mix of Rastafari, Judaism, and Quakerism (3 big influences in my life); and bits and pieces from everywhere else.
I believe people have souls that exist outside the parameters of this world, and operate chiefly through human bodies - although other vessels, after reaching a certain state of complexity, could also hold a soul; and likewise, human bodies that become extensively damaged can no longer hold one. I borrow from Rastafari and Jewish beliefs in my convictions about damaging the body in this way (Leviticus 21:5); I don't do drugs (poison), get tattoos (deformation), or otherwise change my body (e.g. get haircuts) as doing so could potentially damage my soul's contact with this world.
I don't think I can know if people truly have souls, because we cannot see beyond the bounds of this reality. We can even question this reality to the point of discrediting everything outside our mind. I'm developing in the way that I'm deciding what I'll believe: whether there is a collective consciousness, or a God, or similar higher power. I like the idea of God being the soul of the Earth, as Earth seems a complex enough vessel for a soul to act through (although there is no apparent consciousness, only predictable systems).
Now that I've spoken on humans and God, I'm not sure what awaits us after death. My belief that we have souls operating from another world would imply that souls survive after the death of the body - I don't know where they would go after, however. Perhaps the soul would face judgment before God (the soul of the Earth, the ultimate referee), and their overall positive or negative actions would be considered in any further action. I don't like the idea of Heaven, Purgatory, or Hell; their eternally unchanging nature unnerves me, although I have believed in them for a good part of my life. I prefer the idea of reincarnation, as I do feel that some people's souls seem older or younger than others in the way they become accustomed to the body and the world around them.
I may be wrong, but if I recall correctly, Hindu belief dictates that a person's actions in their life as a human determines their soul's placement in the next - positive actions lead to you being born into fortune, or living a life as a majestic animal, while negative actions could lead to you being born into squalor, or living life as a fly. I weigh this belief from time to time, as it is comforting to imagine your good actions being rewarded (and maybe even your bad actions being punished), but it also opens up some uncomfortable societal structure such as the caste system (where Untouchables were considered to have been born into servitude and squalor as a consequence of their past evils).
It may sound selfish or strange, but I am crafting my belief system under the pretense that we cannot know anything outside of our own minds. I want my belief structure to: 1. Comfort me as a just system, as I believe it is the individual's choice to decide what to believe and why - so why wouldn't they make it at least somewhat good for themselves?
2. Fit what I can know or seem to know about the world: respective examples include that mind and body are separate, and that people who use drugs damage their minds (the soul/body bridge)
3. Not seem too arrogant in its formulation - as solipsism, while remaining justifiable in my eyes, is.